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Redaction

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Redaction means deleting content from a PDF so it cannot be recovered: the text is removed from the page’s content stream and the surrounding structure is rewritten. It is not the same as drawing a black box over the words — a covered box can be moved or removed, and the text underneath may still be inside the file, selectable and searchable. Covering up is masking; removing is redaction.

A court filing prepared for public disclosure that carries a party’s ID number. Masking the number with a black rectangle leaves the number in the file, where a copy-paste or a text extraction recovers it. Redacting the number removes it from the content stream, so the extracted text no longer contains it at all — the public copy carries nothing to find.